In the seventh century, the greatest challenge to the Byzantine Empire came from the

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The rise of Islam in the seventh century posed a major threat to the Byzantine Empire as many Christian territories in the Middle East were conquered by Muslim armies. This led to the loss of key territories and weakened the Byzantine Empire's power and influence. While there were external threats from attacks by Persians, Slavs, and Arabs, the rise of Islam was the greatest challenge that the Byzantine Empire faced in the seventh century.

In the Seventh Century, the Greatest Challenge to the Byzantine