Modern states emerged in the seventeenth century partly because they performed functions more efficiently than city-states or city-leagues.

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Modern states emerged in large part because they were able to more efficiently provide services such as taxation, defense, and infrastructure than smaller city-states or leagues. This allowed them to build more stable and powerful societies, which in turn led to increased political centralization and the emergence of modern nation-states.

Modern States Emerged in the Seventeenth Century Partly Because They