According to an argument from the liberal perspective, what caused both the naval competition between Germany and Great Britain and the military provocation of France and Russia?

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According to the liberal perspective, the naval competition between Germany and Great Britain and the military provocation of France and Russia were primarily caused by Kaiser Wilhelm II's clumsy diplomacy. Wilhelm's aggressive actions and rhetoric, especially his support for the Austrian ultimatum against Serbia, alienated other European powers and led to a spiral of military escalation. This interpretation contrasts with other perspectives, such as the realist or Marxist views, which emphasize structural factors such as power imbalances, economic rivalries, or class struggles as the main drivers of the crisis.

According to an Argument from the Liberal Perspective, What Caused