Which of the Following Elements Need Not Be Satisfied Before

Which of the following elements need not be satisfied before a defendant giving advice will owe a duty of care to a plaintiff who is a third party?

A) The defendant knew or should have known that the information or advice would be communicated by the client to the plaintiff.
B) The information or advice was likely to lead the plaintiff to enter into a transaction of the kind the plaintiff in fact entered into.
C) The information or advice was provided at a time when the plaintiff was most vulnerable.
D) It was likely that the plaintiff would suffer economic loss if the information or advice was wrong.