Which of the following are considered phases of inflammation?
I. Release of histamine, heparin, and tryptase
II. A decline in lung function and irreversible obstructive lung disease
III. A remodeling phase
IV. An allergen reintroduced into the system

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

There are three phases of inflammation. The first phase involves the preformed mediators that are released with degranulation: histamine, heparin, and tryptase. These mediators result in airway smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and mucous secretion. The resulting injury to airway cells attracts other mediators such as cytokines (leukotrienes, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) $\alpha$ and eosinophils, to name a few), resulting in a late phase that occurs 4 to 8 hours after the immediate response. Persistent inflammation can lead to a remodeling phase that results in airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, hyperplasia, increased angiogenesis, and collagen deposition. This last phase will result in a decline in lung function and irreversible obstructive lung disease.

Which of the Following Are Considered Phases of Inflammation