The top management team at Universal Manufacturing Co., Inc., has decided that it needs to close one of its divisions and eliminate a level of middle management in the surviving divisions. This is an example of

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The decision to close a division and eliminate a level of middle management in the surviving divisions is an example of downsizing. Downsizing is the permanent reduction of a company's workforce and can be done for various reasons, including cutting costs or restructuring the organization. Smoothing is a technique used in logistics to manage inventory, domain selection is the strategic decision to enter a new market, buffering is a strategy used to protect against potential disruptions, and benchmarking is the process of comparing a company's performance to industry standards or best practices.

The Top Management Team at Universal Manufacturing Co