Carrington and Schulenberg's (2008) study of the effect of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) of 2002 in Canada on police discretion with apprehended young offenders illustrates a(n) ______ design.

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The study by Carrington and Schulenberg utilized a time series design to analyze the effect of the YCJA on police discretion with apprehended young offenders. This design involves analyzing trends in data over time, both before and after a specific intervention (in this case, the implementation of the YCJA). True experimental designs involve random assignment of participants to different groups and manipulation of an independent variable. Ex post facto designs involve comparing groups that have already been exposed to a specific independent variable. Control groups are utilized in true experimental designs and refer to the group that receives no intervention or receives a placebo intervention for comparison purposes.

Carrington and Schulenberg's (2008) Study of the Effect of the Youth