Sampling methods that let us know in advance how likely it is that an element of a population will be selected for the sample are ______ sampling methods.

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Probability sampling methods use randomization and allow us to calculate the probability of each element in the population being selected for the sample. This helps to ensure that the sample is representative of the population and reduces the risk of bias. Nonprobability sampling methods do not use randomization and do not allow us to calculate the probability of each element being selected, which can lead to bias and less representative samples. Systematic bias refers to a type of bias that occurs when there is a flaw in the sampling method itself, while stratified sampling is a type of probability sampling method that involves dividing the population into subgroups and then selecting a random sample from each subgroup.

Sampling Methods That Let Us Know in Advance How Likely