Protein kinases are intracellular enzymes that may promote signal transduction by

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Protein kinases are enzymes that modify other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation). This process can activate or deactivate the target proteins, thereby playing a crucial role in signal transduction pathways. They can convert effector proteins to an active state, inactivate target proteins, and act as relay proteins when phosphorylated, thus all the choices are correct.

Protein Kinases Are Intracellular Enzymes That May Promote Signal Transduction