Cross-culturally, societies with ______ tend to be more peaceful, egalitarian, and gender-equal, whereas societies with ______ tend to exclude women from community decision making and religious systems, have marriages in which husbands demand deference from their wives, and have public displays of competitive masculinity.

Question

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Societies with involved, intimate models of fatherhood tend to be more peaceful, egalitarian, and gender-equal, reflecting the positive impact of active paternal engagement on social structures, including gender relations and community decision-making. Conversely, societies characterized by uninvolved, aloof models of fatherhood often exhibit more hierarchical and gender-unequal structures, where women's participation in decision-making is limited, and there is a greater emphasis on competitive masculinity.

Cross-Culturally, Societies with ______ Tend to Be More Peaceful, Egalitarian