What effect did the emergence of wage labor and the specialization of occupations and professions have on gender roles in the 19th-century United States?

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The emergence of wage labor and the specialization of occupations and professions had different effects depending on the intersection of gender, class, and race. Men were generally given jobs in factories and other industries, while women were largely relegated to low-paying, low-skilled work such as textiles and clothing. However, the experiences of men and women in these roles varied depending on their socioeconomic status and race. For example, white women from middle- and upper-class backgrounds were often able to use their work in factories as a means of challenging traditional gender roles, while black women and women from working-class families often had little choice but to work in these industries and faced significant exploitation and discrimination. Overall, the rise of wage labor and occupational specialization led to significant changes in gender roles and expectations, but these changes were complicated and uneven in practice.

What Effect Did the Emergence of Wage Labor and the Specialization