What do we call groups that are used as standards to evaluate ourselves positively, in terms of the qualities we aspire to achieve, or negatively, in terms of the qualities we wish to avoid?
A) reference groups
B) out-groups
C) in-groups
D) networks

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Reference groups are groups that are used as standards to evaluate ourselves positively or negatively. They can be either aspirational (groups we aspire to be like) or avoidance (groups we wish to avoid being like). Out-groups refer to groups outside of our own, while in-groups are groups we belong to. Networks refer to a group of individuals connected through social ties.

What Do We Call Groups That Are Used as Standards