Newton's second law: Bumpers on cars are not of much use in a collision. To see why, calculate the average force a bumper would have to exert if it brought a 1200-kg car (a so-called compact model) to a rest in 15 cm when the car had an initial speed of 2.0 m/s (about 7.2 km/h). (Bumpers are built with springs that compress to provide a stopping force without, hopefully, denting the metal.) A) 1.8 × 10⁴ N B) 1.6 × 10⁴ N C) 5.4 × 10⁴ N D) 6.5 × 10⁵ N E) 3.2 × 10⁴ N

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The Answer of Newton's second law: Bumpers on cars are not of much use in a collision. To see why, calculate the average force a bumper would have to exert if it brought a 1200-kg car (a so-called compact model) to a rest in 15 cm when the car had an initial speed of 2.0 m/s (about 7.2 km/h). (Bumpers are built with springs that compress to provide a stopping force without, hopefully, denting the metal.) A) 1.8 × 10⁴ N B) 1.6 × 10⁴ N C) 5.4 × 10⁴ N D) 6.5 × 10⁵ N E) 3.2 × 10⁴ N

Newton's Second Law: Bumpers on Cars Are Not of Much