A healthy individual comes in contact with a rhinovirus while out in the community. Which actions constitute the first line of nonspecific defense mechanisms against the invading infection?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Physical and chemical barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes, are the first line of defense against pathogens. They prevent entry and limit the spread of infection. Phagocytosis and a complement cascade, leukocytes and proteins, and the immune system and phagocytes are all part of the second line of defense, which involves specific responses to pathogens.

A Healthy Individual Comes in Contact with a Rhinovirus While