Chi-square tests of independence are always lower-tailed because a perfect fit between and makes equal to zero.

Name: Chi-square tests of independence are always lower-tailed because a perfect fit between and makes equal to zero.
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Question

Chi-square tests of independence are always lower-tailed because a perfect fit between  and  makes  equal to zero.

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Chi-square tests of independence can be either lower-tailed, upper-tailed, or two-tailed depending on the direction of the research hypothesis. The statement given in the question is not an accurate explanation of the directionality of the chi-square test.

Chi-Square Tests of Independence Are Always Lower-Tailed Because a Perfect