Until approximately 200 years ago, how many adults were illiterate?

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Until approximately 200 years ago, most adults were illiterate. While exact statistics are difficult to determine, it is estimated that in the late 18th century, the literacy rate in Europe was only 30-40%, and even lower in other parts of the world. It wasn't until the widespread introduction of compulsory education in the 19th and 20th centuries that literacy rates began to drastically improve.

Until Approximately 200 Years Ago, How Many Adults Were Illiterate