A confound in a study makes the results uninterpretable.What does it affect?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Confounds affect internal validity, which is the extent to which a study accurately demonstrates a cause-and-effect relationship between variables. Confounds make it difficult to determine whether the observed effect is due to the independent variable or some other factor, such as a confounding variable. This reduces the internal validity of the study, making the results uninterpretable. Confounds do not directly affect testability, test-retest reliability, or external validity.

A Confound in a Study Makes the Results Uninterpretable