Which of the following sociologists first described the concept of a reserve army of labor?

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Karl Marx first described the concept of a reserve army of labor in his work on capitalism and labor exploitation. He argued that capitalism creates a surplus population of workers who are not needed for immediate production, but are available to be called upon as needed by employers. This creates a situation of competition among workers, which facilitates the exploitation of labor and keeps wages low.

Which of the Following Sociologists First Described the Concept of a Reserve