With regard to social solidarity, Émile Durkheim's primary concern was how modern society would be held together without ______ solidarity.

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In Durkheim's view, pre-industrial societies were held together by mechanical solidarity, which relied on shared customs, beliefs, and collective consciousness. However, in modern societies, he feared that the weakening of traditional bonds and the increasing division of labor would lead to a breakdown of mechanical solidarity and the rise of anomie. Therefore, his primary concern was how modern society would be held together without this type of solidarity.

With Regard to Social Solidarity, ÉMile Durkheim's Primary Concern Was