Associating a conditioned stimulus with a new neutral stimulus can create a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. This best illustrates

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Higher-order conditioning is the process of associating a neutral stimulus with an already established conditioned stimulus, creating a second (weaker) conditioned stimulus. Shaping involves rewarding closer and closer approximations to a desired behavior. Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response. Intermittent reinforcement involves rewarding a behavior only sometimes, which can lead to more persistent behavior.

Associating a Conditioned Stimulus with a New Neutral Stimulus Can