Formulating testable hypotheses before conducting research is most directly useful for restraining a thinking error known as

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Formulating testable hypotheses before conducting research helps to prevent researchers from falling into hindsight bias, which is the tendency to interpret past events in ways that confirm one's current beliefs or hypotheses. By setting clear hypotheses before conducting research, researchers can remain objective and avoid this thinking error.

Formulating Testable Hypotheses Before Conducting Research Is Most Directly Useful