The point that psychologist William James was making with his example of finding a white crow when a claim states that all crows are black was that:
A) white crows are extremely rare and finding one is a coincidence.
B) finding a single white crow can refute the claim that all crows are black.
C) finding a white crow shows that there can be no certainty in deductive reasoning.
D) a white crow is a legitimate form of evidence, just as valid as a black crow.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

William James used the example of finding a white crow to illustrate the fallibility of deductive reasoning. If the claim is that all crows are black, but a white crow is found, then it refutes the claim that all crows are black. This demonstrates that deductive reasoning is not always certain and that a single contradiction can disprove a theory or claim.

The Point That Psychologist William James Was Making with His