American Express had agreements with all of its merchants that prohibited them from steering their customers to use other cards.The reason merchants wanted to make recommendations on which card to use was because American Express charges that merchants pay to credit card companies for customer processing were higher than those for Visa and MasterCard.Merchants wanted to offer customers discounts for using Visa or MasterCard and some just wanted to post signs reading,"We prefer Visa." If they did so,American Express would not continue its services for them,something that caused the merchants to lose American Express cardholders as customers.Which of the following antitrust doctrines apply to American Express's policy?

Question

American Express had agreements with all of its merchants that prohibited them from steering their customers to use other cards.The reason merchants wanted to make recommendations on which card to use was because American Express charges that merchants pay to credit card companies for customer processing were higher than those for Visa and MasterCard.Merchants wanted to offer customers discounts for using Visa or MasterCard and some just wanted to post signs reading,"We prefer Visa." If they did so,American Express would not continue its services for them,something that caused the merchants to lose American Express cardholders as customers.Which of the following antitrust doctrines apply to American Express's policy?​

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The Answer of American Express had agreements with all of its merchants that prohibited them from steering their customers to use other cards.The reason merchants wanted to make recommendations on which card to use was because American Express charges that merchants pay to credit card companies for customer processing were higher than those for Visa and MasterCard.Merchants wanted to offer customers discounts for using Visa or MasterCard and some just wanted to post signs reading,"We prefer Visa." If they did so,American Express would not continue its services for them,something that caused the merchants to lose American Express cardholders as customers.Which of the following antitrust doctrines apply to American Express's policy?​

American Express Had Agreements with All of Its Merchants That