Secretary of State John Foster Dulles's policy of massive retaliation:

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Secretary of State John Foster Dulles's policy of massive retaliation declared that any Soviet attack would be countered by a nuclear attack. It was an attempt to deter Soviet aggression by threatening the use of nuclear weapons. This policy is also known as the "New Look" and was a departure from the previous policy of relying on conventional forces. It did not apply only to communist China, but to any country that posed a threat to the United States.

Secretary of State John Foster Dulles's Policy of Massive Retaliation