The Pueblo Revolt (1680)
Pedro Naranjo
Asked for what reason they so blindly burned the images, temples, crosses, and other things of divine worship, he stated that the said Indian, Popé, came down in person . . . and he ordered in all the pueblos through which he passed that they instantly break up and burn the images of the holy Christ, the Virgin Mary and the other saints, the crosses, and everything pertaining to Christianity, and that they burn the temples, break up the bells, and separate from the wives whom God had given them in marriage and take those whom they desired. . . . These things were observed and obeyed by all except some who, moved by the zeal of Christians, opposed it, and such persons the said Popé caused to be killed immediately. He saw to it that they at once erected and rebuilt their houses of idolatry which they call estufas, and made very ugly masks in imitation of the devil in order to dance the dance of the cacina; and he said likewise that the devil had given them to understand that living thus in accordance with the law of their ancestors, they would harvest a great deal of maize, many beans, a great abundance of cotton, calabashes, and very large watermelons and cantaloupes; and that they could erect their houses and enjoy abundant health and leisure.
-The indictment of the Pueblo by Naranjo reveals

Question

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Naranjo's indictment reveals the deep-seated cultural misunderstandings that the Spanish had towards Native Americans, which were used to justify their subjugation. The Spanish saw the Pueblo's rejection of Christianity and their return to their traditional religious practices as a threat to the dominance of the Spanish culture and religion in the region. This mindset ultimately led to the Pueblo Revolt in 1680.