The Energy Yield from Fermentation Is Lower Than from Respiration

The energy yield from fermentation is lower than from respiration because

A) fermentation uses NAD+, not NADP+.
B) respiration completely oxidizes glucose to CO2, resulting in greater generation of NADH and thus ATP.
C) respiration uses the TCA cycle, which has many steps that directly produce ATP or GTP.
D) fermentation shunts much of the carbon from glucose to biosynthesis.
E) fermentation relies on the glyoxylate bypass, which bypasses ATP production.