The Bollinger cases established that Affirmative Action

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The Bollinger cases (Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger) established that affirmative action is constitutional when part of a holistic review of applicant credentials. The cases upheld the University of Michigan Law School's use of racial preferences in admissions as part of a comprehensive consideration of each applicant's qualifications and potential to contribute to the educational experience of the entire student body. However, the cases also ruled that the university's undergraduate admissions policy, which awarded a specific number of points to minority applicants solely based on race, violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment.

The Bollinger Cases Established That Affirmative Action