Sickle-Cell Anemia Is Caused by

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by

A) a decreased production of α chains of hemoglobin.
B) a substitution of a Glu residue for a Phe residue at the β6 position.
C) the loss of the heme group because the proximal His is oxidized.
D) a substitution of a Val residue for a Glu residue at the β6 position.
E) a substitution of Glu residue for His at the C-terminal of the α chain.