Question 1

When Ethan realizes that if he cries, his mother will pick him up, he has developed a sense of:

Accepted Answer

Ethan has developed a sense of causality because he understands that his crying causes his mother to pick him up.

Question 2

Piaget observed that infants did not attain object permanence until they reached eight months of age, but more recent research suggest that infants:

Accepted Answer

Recent research using more sensitive measures has shown that infants as young as 3 to 4 months old can demonstrate some understanding of object permanence.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the information-processing perspective?

Accepted Answer

The information-processing perspective does not assume that thinking develops in a stage-like fashion; this is more aligned with Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

Question 4

Individuals are not inactive in their developmental processes, but rather play a proactive role that helps shape their unique developmental outcomes. This statement fits:

Accepted Answer

Individuals are not inactive in their developmental processes, but rather play a proactive role that helps shape their unique developmental outcomes. This statement fits information-processing theory, which emphasizes the active role of individuals in processing and interpreting information from their environment.

Question 5

Infants are not passive observers; they actively process incoming stimuli. An infant who hears her father's voice will likely become more alert. The area of the brain directly responsible for this change in arousal level is located in the:

Accepted Answer

The brain stem is responsible for regulating arousal levels and is therefore the most likely area of the brain responsible for a change in arousal level in response to incoming stimuli. The other options are involved in processing the specific type of stimuli (auditory in this case) but not in regulating arousal levels.

Question 6

__________ theorists propose that cognitive development is based on systems such as attention and memory.

Accepted Answer

Information processing theorists focus on how children process information, emphasizing the role of attention, memory, and problem-solving skills in cognitive development.

Question 7

__________ refers to children gradually realizing that there are permanent objects around them, even when these objects are out of sight.

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or otherwise sensed, which is a fundamental concept in the cognitive development of children.

Question 8

Allison knows that first her older brother will come home from school and then they will have a snack. Allison has accomplished a sense of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Allison knows that first her older brother...

Question 9

In contrast to many explanations of development, information processing theory is not:

Accepted Answer

Information processing theory is not a stage approach; it views development as a continuous process rather than occurring in distinct stages.

Question 10

Children are capable of make-believe play when they have achieved:

Accepted Answer

Make-believe play is possible when children have internalized schemes, which allows them to use symbols and engage in imaginative play.

Question 11

One of the major criticisms of Piaget's theory of development is that:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children often achieve developmental milestones earlier than Piaget proposed, suggesting that his theory underestimates children's cognitive abilities at younger ages.

Question 12

By its very nature, attention:

Accepted Answer

Attention must be selective because it is limited in capacity, meaning we can only focus on a limited amount of information at any given time.

Question 13

A behavior that is the opposite of attention is:

Accepted Answer

Habituation is a process where an organism decreases or ceases its responses to a stimulus after repeated presentations, which is the opposite of paying attention.

Question 14

Of the following, which is not one of the four fundamental assumptions of memory?

Accepted Answer

Memories are not stored in a particular place in the brain, but rather in the connections between neurons.

Question 15

An infant who does not attempt to retrieve or seek out a stuffed animal she and her father have been playing with after he hides it behind his back has likely not yet developed a sense of:

Accepted Answer

The infant's lack of attempts to retrieve or seek out the stuffed animal indicates a lack of understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, which is the concept of object permanence.

Question 16

Caleb tried to get his mother's attention by whining, but this didn't work. Caleb thought about what behaviors worked in the past when his mother talked to him, so he tugged on her sleeve and said, "Mama." She hugged him. Caleb's solution of this problem is an example of the _________ approach to cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

Caleb's solution is an example of the information processing approach, which involves using past experiences and knowledge to solve problems and make decisions.

Question 17

Memories are stored in the connections between the neurons in the brain. These connections are known as:

Accepted Answer

Memories are stored in the connections between neurons in the brain known as synapses. Junctions and nodes are not typically used to describe these connections, and myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds axons and helps facilitate neural communication, but it is not directly involved in memory storage.

Question 18

Piaget proposed development occurred in __________, whereas current researchers are looking at development as being __________.

Accepted Answer

Piaget proposed that development occurs in distinct stages, while current researchers often view development as a more continuous process without clear-cut stages.

Question 19

Which of the following children is demonstrating internalization of schemes?

Accepted Answer

Jonathan is demonstrating internalization of schemes by using one object (a hair dryer) to represent another (a power drill), showing he has internalized the concept of tools and their functions, which is a mental operation rather than a simple physical interaction with his environment.

Question 20

Which of the following is not one of the developmental outcomes of Piaget's sensorimotor period?

Accepted Answer

Conservation is a developmental outcome associated with Piaget's concrete operational stage, not the sensorimotor period.

Quiz 5: Infancy