Malthus argued that ______________ is the ultimate cause of social and environmental problems, and Marx argued that population growth ____________ social and environmental problems.

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Malthus believed that excess population growth was the ultimate cause of social and environmental problems, arguing that populations grow geometrically while food supply grows arithmetically, leading to inevitable shortages. Marx, on the other hand, saw population growth as a consequence of the capitalist system, not its cause, suggesting that social and environmental problems result from the economic and social structures of society, not from population growth itself.

Malthus Argued That ______________ Is the Ultimate Cause of Social