Which of the following are major mechanisms that contribute to the pulmonary hypertension commonly seen in a patient with a pulmonary embolism?
1) Decreased cross-sectional area of the pulmonary vascular system
2) Vasoconstriction induced by alveolar hypoxia
3) Reflexes from the aortic and carotid sinus baroreceptors
4) Vasoconstriction induced by humoral agents

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Pulmonary hypertension in the context of a pulmonary embolism is primarily due to a decreased cross-sectional area of the pulmonary vascular system (1), vasoconstriction induced by alveolar hypoxia (2), and vasoconstriction induced by humoral agents (4). These mechanisms collectively contribute to increased pulmonary arterial pressure.

Which of the Following Are Major Mechanisms That Contribute to the Pulmonary