Several pathophysiologic mechanisms operating simultaneously may lead to an increased ventilatory rate. These may include which of the following?
1) Stimulation of central chemoreceptors
2) Decreased lung compliance-increased ventilatory rate relationship
3) Stimulation of J receptors
4) Pain
A)1, 3
B)1, 2
C)2, 3, 4
D)1, 3, 4

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Stimulation of central chemoreceptors (due to increased CO2 or decreased pH), stimulation of J receptors (located in the lung and stimulated by pulmonary capillary congestion among other factors), and pain can all lead to an increased ventilatory rate by signaling the respiratory centers in the brain to increase breathing effort. Decreased lung compliance typically leads to decreased ventilation efficiency, but the direct relationship to increased ventilatory rate is not as straightforward as the mechanisms listed in options 1, 3, and 4.

Several Pathophysiologic Mechanisms Operating Simultaneously May Lead to an Increased