Which of the following criteria for establishing causality would be the most difficult to achieve when conducting a cross-sectional study?
A)causal mechanism
B)constant conjunction
C)temporal precedence
D)nonspuriousness

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Temporal precedence is the most difficult to achieve in a cross-sectional study because this type of study collects data at a single point in time, making it challenging to determine which variable occurred first and thus which is the cause and which is the effect.

Which of the Following Criteria for Establishing Causality Would Be