Question 1

According to economists who study economic games, the key to the development of cooperation in humans is

Accepted Answer

Altruistic punishment refers to the behavior where individuals punish others for violating social norms, even at a cost to themselves, which is believed to play a crucial role in maintaining cooperation within societies.

Question 2

If Adam firmly believes in following rules and regulations, he is most likely to be disturbed by

Accepted Answer

Jeitinho refers to a Brazilian cultural practice of finding a way around rules or conventions, often bending or breaking them to achieve a desired outcome. Adam, who believes in following rules and regulations, would likely be disturbed by this practice as it goes against his values of adherence to established norms and regulations.

Question 3

In dictator games, participants from the main monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam) are likely to be

Accepted Answer

Studies on religious behavior in economic games, such as dictator games, often find that participants from main monotheistic religions tend to be more generous than average. This is attributed to religious teachings emphasizing charity, compassion, and helping others, which may influence their decisions in such games.

Question 4

In a dictator game played among anonymous participants, Americans tend to be

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that Americans, on average, tend to be more generous in dictator games compared to people from small-scale societies, who often allocate less to others.

Question 5

Inderjit, an Indian villager, came across a pot of gold while working in the fields.Based on the research on culture and justice, how is he most likely to distribute this gold after he brings it back to his village?

Accepted Answer

Research on culture and justice suggests that in many collectivist cultures, which are common in India, resources are often distributed based on need. Therefore, Inderjit is most likely to distribute the gold to those who need more money.

Question 6

In playing a public goods game, Horatio keeps punishing Yorick, who had previously punished Horatio, even though Yorick is now cooperating.The goal is for everyone to get as much money as possible.Which of the following is a predictor of Horatio's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Horatio's behavior of continuing to punish despite cooperation suggests a focus on personal retribution rather than collective benefit, which is more common in cultures with weak rule of law where personal vendettas may be more prevalent.

Question 7

Daisuke is vice president (VP) of a large Japanese company with three vice presidents.He has been twice as productive as the other two vice presidents.Based on the research on distributive justice, if the company has a $90,000 bonus to distribute among the three VPs, Daisuke will likely receive

Accepted Answer

The answer of Daisuke is vice president (VP) of a...

Question 8

Which of these concepts are the most alike in their meanings?

Accepted Answer

Guanxi and wasta both refer to the concept of using personal networks and relationships to facilitate business and personal matters, common in Chinese and Arab cultures, respectively.

Question 9

The preference in India for allocations based on ________ would be consistent with ________ leadership.

Accepted Answer

Paternalistic leadership involves taking care of employees' needs and acting in a fatherly manner towards them. Allocating resources based on need aligns with this leadership style because it focuses on looking after the well-being of individuals, similar to how a paternal figure would.

Question 10

Which of the following concepts tend to go together?

Accepted Answer

Just world beliefs, which suggest that people get what they deserve, align with principles of equity, where outcomes are based on contributions, rather than equality, which focuses on equal outcomes for all.

Question 11

It is likely that the general goal of fairness is ________ and the way fairness is implemented is ________.

Accepted Answer

The concept of fairness is generally considered a universal goal across different cultures and societies, meaning most people agree on the importance of being fair. However, the way fairness is implemented can vary greatly from one culture to another, making it nonuniversal. This is because different societies have different norms, values, and systems that influence their perceptions of what actions or distributions are considered fair.

Question 12

After being yelled at, the cheater in the previous question decides to accuse Juan of being a violent psychopath and yells at him in front of everyone at the market.According to the terminology from the text, the cheater is

Accepted Answer

The cheater is engaging in antisocial punishment, which refers to the act of punishing someone who has not necessarily done anything wrong, often to deflect blame or criticism from oneself.

Question 13

You and Abdul are making sandwiches to sell to people waiting in line for a concert.You make and sell 10 sandwiches.Abdul makes and sells 20 sandwiches.The profit from your venture is $120.According to the principle of ________, your share of the profit is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You and Abdul are making sandwiches to...

Question 14

Juan is walking down the street when he sees someone cheat an old woman at the market.Juan finds the cheater and loudly criticizes him in front of everyone at the market.According to the terminology from the text, Juan is engaging in

Accepted Answer

Altruistic punishment refers to the act of punishing someone at a personal cost, for the benefit of others or to uphold social norms. In this scenario, Juan is punishing the cheater to protect the old woman and uphold fairness, which aligns with the concept of altruistic punishment.

Question 15

In research by Murphy-Berman and colleagues with American and Indian participants, the researchers found that Americans' favorite solution for rewarding employees was to reward on the basis of ________ and their least favorite solution was to reward on the basis of ________.For Indians, their most favorite solution for rewarding employees was based on ________ and their least favorite solution was based on ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In research by Murphy-Berman and colleagues with...

Question 16

The CEO of Company A has to decide whether the company should concentrate on its online business or its brick-and-mortar business.The CEO of Company A decides to call a meeting and have advocates for each side make their best arguments.Across town, a rival, Company B, has to make the same decision.Instead of calling a meeting, the CEO of Company B informally talks with employees, trying to build a consensus before an official decision is reached.The process of Company A is ________; the process of Company B is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The CEO of Company A has to...

Question 17

In cultures that are collectivistic, rewards tend to be distributed according to principles of

Accepted Answer

The answer of In cultures that are collectivistic, rewards tend...

Question 18

Yasmeen is an Indian professor and Jasmine is an American professor.They teach the same class at the same school by alternating the weeks when they lecture, and they also share the same office during office hours.Both teachers are in their shared office listening to students plead their cases to get some extra points for their essays.Under which of the following circumstances would Yasmeen be more willing to give extra points than would Jasmine?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Yasmeen is an Indian professor and Jasmine...

Question 19

In a dictator game played among anonymous participants, ________ tend to be more generous.

Accepted Answer

People who live in market economies tend to be more generous in dictator games, as these societies often emphasize fairness and cooperation, which can influence behavior even in anonymous settings.

Question 20

You live in a culture in which people grow their own food and rarely have to buy food from others.One day, a researcher from the United States asks you to play the dictator game with a stranger.You are given $50 and you must decide how much to give to the stranger.Based on all the information given in this question, which of the following amounts are you NOT likely to give?

Accepted Answer

In a culture where people grow their own food and rarely buy from others, there is likely a strong sense of community and sharing. Giving away half of the money ($25) would be less likely as it is more than what is typically shared in such scenarios, where smaller amounts are more common.

Quiz 15: Organizations Leadership, and Justice