An effective way to introduce DNA into plant cells is using the Ti plasmid, which comes from a plant pathogen.

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The Ti plasmid is commonly used in plant genetic engineering to introduce new traits or genes into plant cells. This plasmid is naturally found in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil bacterium that infects plants and causes tumors. During infection, the Ti plasmid is transferred from the bacteria to the plant cell, where it integrates into the host genome and induces the formation of a tumor. However, scientists have adapted this natural mechanism to use the Ti plasmid as a vector for introducing foreign DNA into plant cells without causing disease. By manipulating the Ti plasmid, researchers can create recombinant DNA molecules that carry desired genes and allow them to be transferred to plant cells in a controlled manner.

An Effective Way to Introduce DNA into Plant Cells Is