Fermentation Is Sometimes Used as a Means of Slowing Food

Fermentation is sometimes used as a means of slowing food spoilage. Why would fermentation lead to this outcome?

A) Fermentation is THE process that directly reduces sugars in food. Without sugars, bacteria cannot grow and spoil the food.
B) Fermentation will lead to production of high levels of ethanol (95% or higher) -ethanol will kill bacteria.
C) Fermentation will lead to production of acidic by-products, dropping the pH of the food below a level that bacteria can tolerate.
D) This is a trick question-fermentation actually IS food spoilage and cannot be used to prevent it under any circumstances.
E) Fermentation will lead to production of acidic by-products, raising the pH of the food above a level that bacteria can tolerate.