Research Articles May Be Considered Fraudulent in Which of the Following

Research articles may be considered fraudulent in which of the following instances?

A) The person who designed the study and performed all of the research is not mentioned as an author.
B) The authors hired someone other than themselves to collect, analyze, and interpret the data.
C) Graduate students collected the data but did not analyze it.
D) A statistician was hired to perform all of the statistical tests.
E) Both quantitative and qualitative results were reported in the same article.
F) The authors used another researcher's raw data without permission.