A Hospital-Based Nurse Researcher at Hospital a Conducts Experimental Research

A hospital-based nurse researcher at Hospital A conducts experimental research on a rotating bed and its effect on prevention of pressure ulcers in hip fracture patients over 80 years of age with cognitive functional impairment. Because there are so few patients over 80 with fractured hips and cognitive functional impairment, and because the researcher anticipates problems with obtaining consent, a convenience sample is utilized and every patient who meets the criteria and consents is used in the study. The bed, although expensive, is found to be much more effective in preventing pressure ulcers in this population than is turning alone. The study is published. What are the implications of applying these findings, considering the researcher's use of a convenience sample?

A) The findings can be applied to similar patients who come to Hospital A, with the understanding that data collection will continue and represent a second study, since the research is not yet replicated.
B) The findings may be applicable to similar patients who come to Hospital B, but without replication, this use cannot be mandated in the research report.
C) The rotating bed should not be used outside of Hospital A at all until a replication study is conducted.
D) The study findings probably represent a Type I error. It is doubtful that use of a rotating bed could produce significant findings with a convenience sample.
E) The widespread use of the rotating bed has not been supported.
F) Generalization is appropriate only extremely cautiously and in the same site in which the study was conducted, with tracking of subsequent data.