How do cytokines function?
A) They are produced by several cell types and bind directly to microbes to enhance their chance of being ingested, in a process called opsonization.
B) They are secreted by lysozomes into the phagosomes of neutrophils to enhance the killing of ingested microbes within those organelles.
C) They are secreted by one cell type, then work as a series of serum proteins to produce holes in the cytoplasmic membranes of microbes to directly lyse them.
D) They are secreted by microbes that have been engulfed by phagocytes, causing those cells to produce destructive enzymes and undergo apoptosis.
E) They are secreted by one cell type, then bind to a receptor on target cell causing a signal within that cell that turns on (or off) certain genes to achieve a response.

Question

How do cytokines function?
A) They are produced by several cell types and bind directly to microbes to enhance their chance of being ingested, in a process called opsonization.
B) They are secreted by lysozomes into the phagosomes of neutrophils to enhance the killing of ingested microbes within those organelles.
C) They are secreted by one cell type, then work as a series of serum proteins to produce holes in the cytoplasmic membranes of microbes to directly lyse them.
D) They are secreted by microbes that have been engulfed by phagocytes, causing those cells to produce destructive enzymes and undergo apoptosis.
E) They are secreted by one cell type, then bind to a receptor on target cell causing a signal within that cell that turns on (or off) certain genes to achieve a response.

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Cytokines are secreted by one cell type, then bind to a receptor on a target cell causing a signal within that cell that turns on (or off) certain genes to achieve a response. Cytokines can initiate a range of immune responses such as inflammation, activation of immune cells, or cell differentiation.

How Do Cytokines Function