Empirical Results Justify Substantial Government Subsidies to Research Based on the Finding

Empirical results justify substantial government subsidies to research based on the finding that the:

A) private return to research is greater than the social return to research.
B) private return to research is approximately equal to the social return to research.
C) private return to research is less than the social return to research.
D) private return to research is positive, but the social return to research is negative.