The U.S.Supreme Court has also recognized a "plain feel" and "plain smell" doctrines, similar to "plain view."

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The U.S. Supreme Court has recognized the "plain feel" doctrine in Minnesota v. Dickerson (1993), allowing officers to seize non-threatening contraband detected through touch during a lawful pat-down, and courts have applied a similar rationale to the "plain smell" doctrine, permitting the use of odors perceived during lawful encounters as probable cause for further search or seizure.

The USSupreme Court Has Also Recognized a "Plain Feel" and "Plain