What Explains the Loyalty of Poor and Immigrant Communities to Machine

What explains the loyalty of poor and immigrant communities to machine politicians at the end of the nineteenth century?

A) They benefited from an informal welfare system that provided food, jobs, and housing.
B) The machines were responsible for a decrease in crime in their neighborhoods.
C) The machines improved sanitation and public health outcomes in their neighborhoods.
D) They were unaffected by the system of graft and influence peddling.