Business Groups Tend to Be _________________, as Shown by the Formation

Business groups tend to be _________________, as shown by the formation of many such groups over time, such as in the 1970s due to increased federal interest in and regulation of the oil and gas industry, and the education and health care sectors, and, decades before that, federal efforts to regulate interstate commerce and battle monopolies.

A) reactive, typically being drawn into politics to resist regulations
B) proactive, typically lobbying for new regulatory programs before they could be proposed by lawmakers or interests more hostile to them
C) a mix of reactive and proactive, at times seeking to protect themselves against regulations, and at times seeking to further their interests in preemptive fashion
D) a mix of defensive and offensive, at times fending off regulations, and just as often seeking to have costly regulations placed on other businesses