Most Historians Agree That the American Presidency Was a Weak

Most historians agree that the American presidency was a weak institution until the early twentieth century, with the strong presidencies of Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln being exceptions that proved the rule.Why was this the case?

A) The individuals elected to presidential office were unskilled and not capable of attaining greatness.
B) While most policy action took place at the state level during the era, Jackson and Lincoln exercised strength at the national level by using their power in momentous ways.
C) Jackson and Lincoln were presidents during times of great turning points in American history, while others deferred to Congress during more quiet times.
D) Presidents were so busy managing the federal bureaucracy that they had no time to invest in legislative policymaking or party politics.