Questions Refer to the Following Passage

Questions refer to the following passage.
"The desire of the people and [English] Parliament was to put a stop to the introduction of Chinese or Japanese immigrants by a statute that should say so in plain and unmistakable language. . . . When the promised bill was brought before Parliament by the Government, however, it was found that it contained no mention of either of the countries [Australia and New Zealand] intended to be specially affected by its provisions. Instead of this, it took the form of an act which applied, or at any rate might in the discretion of the Executive be made to apply, to immigrants from Germany, France, Italy or America, as well as from China and Japan. A very simple educational test is, in fact, the only safeguard provided. It is required that every immigrant shall be compelled to make a written application for admission in one of certain European languages, or in English, before the proper official.
"To the natural criticism, which was offered in no uncertain way by the Opposition, that it could certainly be evaded with ease by any smart Chinese or Japanese immigrant, the reply was that, in the interests of the trade of the Empire-which means, of course, of Great Britain-it was considered most unwise to antagonize either China or Japan at present."
Hugh H. Lusk, former member of the New Zealand Parliament, in an article in The North
American Review, 1902
-Which of the following countries had a similar pattern of passing acts to exclude Chinese or Japanese labor in the late nineteenth century?

A) Brazil
B) The United States
C) Italy
D) Indonesia