Dr Eggleston Is Lecturing on Various Statistical Analyses in Class

Dr. Eggleston is lecturing on various statistical analyses in class. He notes the definition for a chi-square test of independence as:

A) a statistical test in which both variables are categorical and which determines if the distribution of participants across categories is what would happen if there were no difference between the groups.
B) a statistical test that examines all of the possible combinations of conditions in a way that statistically accounts for the fact that we did not predict them ahead of time.
C) a statistical test that determines whether responses from the different conditions are essentially the same or whether the responses from at least one of the conditions differ from the others.
D) a statistical test that allows a priori decisions to test comparisons between groups predicted ahead of time.