A potential systematic difference between individuals who refused to participate in a study and those who participated is called:
A) demand characteristics.
B) nonresponse bias.
C) social desirability bias.
D) ceiling effect.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Nonresponse bias occurs when individuals who choose not to participate in a study differ systematically from those who do participate, potentially leading to skewed or unrepresentative results.

A Potential Systematic Difference Between Individuals Who Refused to Participate