In sickle-cell disease, malformation of red blood cells is caused by only one error in the genetic code for hemoglobin.

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Sickle-cell disease is caused by a single nucleotide mutation in the gene that codes for the beta chain of hemoglobin, leading to the production of abnormal hemoglobin known as hemoglobin S (HbS) instead of the normal hemoglobin A (HbA). This mutation results in red blood cells assuming a sickle shape under certain conditions.

In Sickle-Cell Disease, Malformation of Red Blood Cells Is Caused