Question 1

What is the relationship between self-reported life events and measures of psychological well-being? Describe three possible causal paths for this relation. Differentiate between protective factors and vulnerability factors and give two examples of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the relationship between self-reported life...

Question 2

Researchers frequently observed significant associations between stress and psychological well-being, but it is difficult to determine which factor causes the other or if they are both influenced by some unmeasured third factor.

Accepted Answer

Stress and psychological well-being are indeed interconnected, but establishing causality is challenging due to potential bidirectional influences and the possibility of third variables affecting both.

Question 3

List and define the three major classes of coping strategies. Using the context of dealing with a noisy roommate, provide an example of each of them. What factors influence the effectiveness of these strategies and what cultural and gender differences have been found regarding their use?

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and define the three major classes...

Question 4

What methods and outcomes occurred in Marlatt et al.'s alcohol harm reduction study with high-risk college students?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What methods and outcomes occurred in Marlatt...

Question 5

How serious are the consequences of heavy drinking among college students?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How serious are the consequences of heavy...

Question 6

Many stress researchers use life event scales to measure the amount of life stress that a person has experienced over a particular period of time.

Accepted Answer

Life event scales are tools used by researchers to quantify the amount of stress a person has experienced by assessing the number and impact of significant life events, such as job loss, marriage, or the death of a loved one, over a specific period.

Question 7

Modern research indicates that cancer is the leading cause of mortality in the United States and Europe.

Accepted Answer

Heart disease remains the leading cause of mortality in both the United States and Europe, with cancer being the second leading cause of death.

Question 8

What is hardiness and what are the three types of beliefs that underlie it? Which of these beliefs appears to have the strongest stress-reducing effects? What is self-efficacy? List the four different sources of self-efficacy and give an example of each of these sources.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is hardiness and what are the...

Question 9

Explain how social support works as a protective factor against stress. What evidence shows support for this notion and for the idea that disclosing upsetting experiences can enhance well-being?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how social support works as a...

Question 10

A health club consults you about reducing the dropout rates in its exercise classes. What can you tell them about the factors that are and are not associated with dropout? Provide them with at least one concrete suggestion for reducing dropout rates.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A health club consults you about reducing...

Question 11

List four research-derived suggestions that may help maintain and enhance personal happiness. Provide a concrete example of how to apply each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List four research-derived suggestions that may help...

Question 12

How severe is the problem of relapse in the treatment of substance abuse? What is the abstinence violation effect and how is it related to the problem of relapsing. How is this effect countered in relapse prevention programs and what important distinction is made?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How severe is the problem of relapse...

Question 13

General adaptation syndrome is defined as a pattern of cognitive appraisals, physiological responses, and behavioural tendencies that occur in response to a perceived imbalance between situational demands and the resources needed to cope with them.

Accepted Answer

General adaptation syndrome is defined as the process of physiological stress response in three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion, not cognitive appraisals or behavioral tendencies.

Question 14

Interpersonal conflict in relationships has been shown to reduce immune system functioning.

Accepted Answer

Research has demonstrated that interpersonal conflict and stress in relationships can lead to a decrease in immune system functioning, making individuals more susceptible to illnesses.

Question 15

Summarize the stages of change model. Outline the six phases and give an example of how this model might apply to someone trying to reduce his/her eating behaviour.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the stages of change model. Outline...

Question 16

Describe Selye's concept of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe Selye's concept of the general adaptation...

Question 17

What are three different definitions of the term "stress"? If possible, use an example to clarify your definitions. When appraising stressful situations, what are four different types of cognitive appraisals that can occur? How do these appraisals correspond to Richard Lazarus's two major types of appraisals?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are three different definitions of the...

Question 18

Researchers looking at stress focus on major life events and catastrophes, not the many small daily hassles and everyday annoyances.

Accepted Answer

Researchers studying stress consider both major life events and catastrophes as well as the accumulation of small daily hassles and everyday annoyances, recognizing that both can significantly impact an individual's stress levels and overall health.

Question 19

What is the goal of positive psychology? Give an example of the type of topic that would be studied within the area of positive psychology and explain how it illustrates the underlying philosophy of the field.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the goal of positive psychology?...

Question 20

According to Hans Selye, the first stage in his general adaptation syndrome is the primary appraisal stage.

Accepted Answer

The first stage in Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome is the alarm reaction stage, not the primary appraisal stage. The primary appraisal stage is a concept from Lazarus and Folkman's stress appraisal theory.

Quiz 15: Stress, Coping, and Health