Question 1

Your sister-in-law has just entered a program to stop smoking. Research on typical effects from substance treatment programs would suggest that she has a ___________ chance of quitting smoking long-term.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the long-term success rates of substance treatment programs, including those for smoking cessation, are generally around 30%. Success rates can vary based on the program's approach, the individual's level of addiction, support systems, and other factors, but 30% is a commonly cited figure in studies.

Question 2

Although discussed as an important technique to combat the health risks of a sedentary lifestyle, ____________ has also been found to increase the positive effects of most behavioural weight-loss programs.

Accepted Answer

Exercise is known to enhance the effectiveness of weight-loss programs by increasing energy expenditure and improving overall health.

Question 3

All of the following are examples of aerobic exercise, EXCEPT ________.

Accepted Answer

Weight lifting is primarily an anaerobic exercise focusing on strength and muscle building through short bursts of intense activity, unlike running, swimming, and bicycling, which are aerobic exercises involving prolonged activities that increase heart rate and oxygen use.

Question 4

Being a moderate exerciser, Tammy can expect to live ___________ longer through middle age that her non-exercising peers.

Accepted Answer

Moderate exercisers like Tammy can expect to live one-quarter times longer through middle age than their non-exercising peers, as regular exercise contributes to overall health and longevity.

Question 5

Which health strategy tries to decrease the negative effects of a behaviour when it occurs?

Accepted Answer

Harm reduction strategies are designed to decrease the negative effects of a behavior when it occurs, rather than solely focusing on preventing the behavior itself. This approach is often applied to issues like substance use, where the goal is to minimize risk and harm associated with the behavior.

Question 6

Which of the following substance abuse intervention techniques is most likely to achieve the majority of its positive effects by asking questions that focus on discrepancies between the current state of affairs and individuals' ideal self-images, desired behaviours, and desired outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Motivational interviewing is a counseling approach that helps people resolve ambivalent feelings and insecurities to find the internal motivation they need to change their behavior. It works by engaging a person's fundamental motivations and values, and it focuses on exploring and resolving ambivalence. This technique often involves asking questions that highlight discrepancies between a person's current behavior and their ideal self-image, desired behaviors, and outcomes, making it the correct choice for the described intervention technique.

Question 7

Research has suggested that many teenagers fail to engage in safe sex because ________.

Accepted Answer

Teenagers often have an irrational sense of invulnerability, leading them to engage in risky behaviors like unsafe sex because they underestimate the potential consequences.

Question 8

Your uncle decided that it is finally time to quit smoking. Last week he quit smoking and he is hoping that he can continue to stay tobacco-free. He is in the ____________ stage of the transtheoretical model.

Accepted Answer

The action stage of the transtheoretical model is when individuals have recently changed their behavior, in this case, quitting smoking, which fits the description of your uncle's current situation.

Question 9

A particularly important implication of the transtheoretical model is that ________.

Accepted Answer

The transtheoretical model suggests that individuals move through different stages of readiness to change their behavior. Therefore, a behavior change technique that is effective for someone in one stage may not be effective for another person in a different stage. This model does not primarily focus on placebo effects, the gate control theory of pain, or have limited external validity due to testing on only a few areas; it is broadly applied across various behaviors and health-related changes.

Question 10

Multimodal treatments often include ___________ measures, together with ___________ measures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Multimodal treatments often include ___________ measures, together...

Question 11

Your mother used to be addicted to Twinkies but gave them up years ago because she decided they were too unhealthy. Now she can't imagine eating Twinkies again. She is in the _____________ stage of the transtheoretical model.

Accepted Answer

The termination stage of the transtheoretical model is when an individual has completely quit the behavior and has no desire to return to it, which matches the description of your mother's feelings towards Twinkies.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a harm reduction strategy?

Accepted Answer

Syringe exchange programs for heroin addicts are an example of a harm reduction strategy because they aim to reduce the negative consequences of drug use, such as the spread of HIV and other blood-borne diseases, without necessarily promoting abstinence.

Question 13

A person has a problem with smoking. The best stage-matched intervention would be to inform him about the dangers of continuing this unhealthy behaviour if he were in the _______________ stage of change. However, you would do well to provide him with training in specific skills that can help him to actually stop smoking if he were in the ______________ stage.

Accepted Answer

In the precontemplation stage, individuals are not yet considering change, so informing them about the dangers is appropriate. In the preparation stage, individuals are ready to take action, so providing skills training is suitable.

Question 14

According to the transtheoretical model, women at risk for developing AIDS who are initially in the precontemplation stage will most likely benefit from interventions that focus on ________.

Accepted Answer

In the precontemplation stage of the transtheoretical model, individuals are not yet considering change and may not recognize that their behavior is problematic. Interventions focusing on the dangers of their behavior can help increase awareness of the risks associated with their current actions, potentially motivating them to consider change.

Question 15

A study that followed 17,000 Harvard undergraduates into middle age revealed that the death rates were ___________ lower among moderate exercisers than among those in a less active group of the same age.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D) 25 to 33%. This is because studies have consistently shown that moderate exercise can significantly reduce death rates compared to less active lifestyles, with reductions often in the range of 25% to 33%.

Question 16

When employers offer exercise programs to employees, dropout rates of ___________ percent within ___________ are found in virtually all exercise programs that have been studied.

Accepted Answer

Dropout rates of 50 percent within 6 months are commonly found in virtually all exercise programs that have been studied, indicating a significant challenge in maintaining long-term participation in such programs.

Question 17

Which of the following is most strongly associated with behavioural weight-control programs?

Accepted Answer

Self-monitoring is a key component of behavioral weight-control programs, as it involves tracking food intake, physical activity, and body weight to increase awareness of habits and progress.

Question 18

Which of the following is a technique for getting people to become aware of their substance abuse problems on their own?

Accepted Answer

Motivational interviewing is a counseling approach designed to help individuals recognize and do something about their substance abuse problems by eliciting and solidifying their motivation for change. It encourages clients to talk about their need for change and to make their own arguments for it, rather than being told what to do by the therapist.

Question 19

An aerobic activity is defined as one that ___________ the heart rate and ____________ the body's need for oxygen.

Accepted Answer

Aerobic activity increases the heart rate and also increases the body's need for oxygen to sustain the activity.

Question 20

A recent intervention program done with homeless HIV-positive adults resulted in ___________ percent fewer risky sexual acts and ___________ percent fewer sexual encounters with partners who were HIV positive.

Accepted Answer

The correct percentages are 34 percent fewer risky sexual acts and 72 percent fewer sexual encounters with partners who were HIV positive, as indicated by the results of the intervention program.

Quiz 15: Stress, Coping, and Health